Why protecting Critical National Infrastructure is paramount in a world of conflict

The foundation of a nation's constitution rests not just on its economic might or military strength, but also on the unseen network of systems that keep society functioning. Critical national infrastructure (CNI) – the power grids, water treatment plants, communication streams, and transportation networks – is the lifeblood of our daily lives. From the lights in our homes to the food on our tables, to the emergency services we rely on and the internet that connects us, CNI silently underpins everything.

Digital age, digital risks

As geopolitical tensions rise across the globe, this infrastructure that sustains us is increasingly becoming a target. Malicious actors, sometimes state-sponsored and sometimes independent attackers, recognise the devastating impact they can have by disrupting these vital systems. For instance, cyberattacks on the NHS cause widespread disruption, highlighting the vulnerability of critical infrastructure. The attack targeted a number of NHS trusts, disrupting appointment booking systems and forcing some hospitals to divert ambulances. This serves as just one reminder; a cyberattack crippling the power grid could plunge cities into darkness, while a physical attack on a transportation hub could bring entire economies to a standstill.

State-sponsored cyberattacks are a growing concern, with nations developing offensive capabilities to target critical infrastructure. These attacks are often designed to be disruptive, sowing chaos and undermining public trust in essential services. The digital age has exposed these vulnerabilities. CNI is becoming increasingly interconnected and reliant on automation. This creates a single point of failure – a weakness that adversaries can exploit. A cyberattack on one sector can cascade through interconnected systems. Attacks could crippled our air-traffic control system. Grounded flights would strand travelers worldwide, disrupt vital supply chains, and even lead to economic collapse in certain sectors.

Building a multi-layered defence

So, what can be done to safeguard this vital infrastructure? A multi-pronged approach is essential. Governments, private sector operators, and the public all have a role to play. Governments must assume a proactive stance in safeguarding CNI. Central to this is substantial investment in technologies, people, and a robust cybersecurity strategy.

Cybersecurity frameworks, such as the Directive on Security of Network and Information Systems (NIS D), provide a structured approach to risk management. Industry-specific protection standards, coupled with cybersecurity certifications, elevate the security posture of the sector.

Information sharing is equally critical. Information Sharing and Analysis Centres (ISACs), along with government-led Cybersecurity Information Sharing and Collaboration (CISC) initiatives, must be fostered to facilitate the seamless exchange of threat intelligence. Standardised data formats are imperative for efficient information sharing, therefore a robust regulatory framework is indispensable.

Security information and event management platforms, capable of aggregating and correlating security data, are indispensable for comprehensive threat visibility and incident response. Endpoint detection and response solutions offer granular visibility into endpoint activities, enabling proactive threat hunting and Intrusion detection and prevention systems, fortified by machine learning and behavioural analytics, are essential

for real-time threat mitigation. Finally, mandating comprehensive incident response plans, organisations can ensure preparedness for unforeseen challenges.

Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and quantum computing, offer both opportunities and challenges. By synergizing advanced technologies, fostering collaboration, and establishing a robust regulatory environment, governments can create a resilient and secure landscape for critical national infrastructure.

Shielding our systems

The private sector, which owns and operates much of the critical infrastructure, must invest in fortifying its defences. This includes conducting regular vulnerability assessments, implementing robust cybersecurity protocols such as multi-factor authentication and segmentation, and fostering a culture of security awareness among employees.

Businesses must be vigilant about suspicious activity, and cyber hygiene practices can go a long way in protecting critical infrastructure. Conducting risk assessments is key. It means that businesses should have documented and tested risk reduction scenarios based upon the outcome of said risk assessments.

Protecting CNI is not just about safeguarding our electricity and water supply – it's about safeguarding our way of life. In a world where tensions are high and malicious actors are persistent, vigilance is key. By working together, governments and the private sector can

ensure that the critical infrastructure we rely on remains resilient and secure. After all, a secure CNI is not just a matter of national security – it's a matter of national well-being. Here's what our government and businesses, should do:

1. Prioritise business security:

Given the interconnectedness of businesses all over the word, ensuring security is paramount. Industries must collaborate to identify vulnerabilities, implement robust security measures, and diversify technical solutions to mitigate risks. This includes rigorous vetting of suppliers, securing digital supply chains, and building resilience into the system.

2. Invest in human capital:

A skilled cybersecurity workforce is essential for defending critical infrastructure. Governments and industries should invest in education, training, and development programs to cultivate a pipeline of cybersecurity talent. Additionally, fostering a culture of cybersecurity awareness among all employees is crucial for preventing human error, which often serves as a gateway for cyberattacks.

3. Strengthen international cooperation:

Cyber threats often transcend borders. Global collaboration is vital for sharing threat intelligence, developing common standards, and coordinating responses to cyber incidents. International agreements and forums should be established to facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange among nations.